which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?ghana lotto prediction

Algorithms weaponize rhetoric, making it easier and faster to influence people on a mass scale. Explain your answer. A) Information with a low degree of saliency is ignored and doesn't go on for further processing. () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions . Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry (2016) We were in this position before, when printing presses broke the existing system of information management. Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. That is to say, things will become better but not necessarily good., AI, blockchain, crowdsourcing and other technologies will further enhance our ability to filter and qualify the veracity of information., There will be new visual cues developed to help news consumers distinguish between trusted news sources and others., Accurate facts are essential, particularly within a democracy, so this will be a high, shared value worthy of investment and government support, as well as private-sector initiatives., We are only at the beginning of drastic technological and societal changes. The 49% of these experts who expect things to improve generally inverted that reasoning: Technology can help fix these problems: These more hopeful experts said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet, apps and platforms can be harnessed to rein in fake news and misinformation campaigns. And yet, it feels like as a society, we are outsourcing this function to private entities that exist, ultimately, to make a profit and not necessarily for a social good. manage the reactions of the listener(s), you are engaging in filtering. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept, QUESTION 31 Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is accurate? Its important to note that the goal of these tools is not necessarily to create consistent and believable alternative facts, but to create plausible levels of doubt in actual facts. More specifically, the 51% of these experts who expect things will not improve generally cited two reasons: The fake news ecosystem preys on some of our deepest human instincts: Respondents said humans primal quest for success and power their survival instinct will continue to degrade the online information environment in the next decade. Information is only as reliable as the people who are receiving it. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new, idea for a product. Worse, their active philosophy is that assessing and responding to likely or potential negative impacts of their inventions is both not theirs to do and even shouldnt be done., Patricia Aufderheide, professor of communications and founder of the Center for Media and Social Impact at American University, said, Major interests are not invested enough in reliability to create new business models and political and regulatory standards needed for the shift. Filtering Software: The Religious Connection (2002) These changes will drive significant corporate and public sector improvements in security during the next decade., Larry Keeley, founder of innovation consultancy Doblin, predicted technology will be improved but people will remain the same, writing, Capabilities adapted from both bibliometric analytics and good auditing practices will make this a solvable problem. Which of the following best exemplifies what we would expect of Aadil's performance? Anthony overslept and has three voicemails on his phone from his boss telling him to come into work immediately, for an emergency planning meeting. A) Filtering makes it possible to view specific data. Several other respondents also cited this as a major flaw of this potential remedy. The information that will be disseminated will be biased, based on monetary interests., Seth Finkelstein, consulting programmer and winner of the Electronic Freedom Foundations Pioneer Award, commented, Virtually all the structural incentives to spread misinformation seem to be getting worse., A data scientist based in Europe wrote, The information environment is built on the top of telecommunication infrastructures and services developed following the free-market ideology, where truth or fact are only useful as long as they can be commodified as market products., Zbigniew ukasiak, a business leader based in Europe, wrote, Big political players have just learned how to play this game. The major new challenge in reporting news is the new shape of truth, said Kevin Kelly, co-founder of Wired magazine. Our brains are not wired to contend with the pace of technological change: These respondents said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet and emerging online applications will magnify these human tendencies and that technology-based solutions will not be able to overcome them. Minors and Online Activity: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights (2019) By Bieke Zaman and Marije Nouwen, Filtering: The Man in the Middle. Because adults and, to a lesser degree minors, have First Amendment rights, libraries and schools that choose to use content filters should implement policies and procedures that mitigate the negative effects of filtering to the greatest extent possible. Already we are developing technologies that make it impossible to distinguish between fake and real video, fake and real photographs, etc. Brennan Center for Justice at the NYU School of Law, Free Expression Policy Project, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense(2008) By Sarah Houghton published in Library Technology Reports, Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults (2004) Christian H. Huitema, Tom Rosenstiel, author, director of the American Press Institute and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, commented, Whatever changes platform companies make, and whatever innovations fact checkers and other journalists put in place, those who want to deceive will adapt to them. B) Inhibition of return prevents an individual from attending to the same location twice, an effective strategy when searching for moving objects. Counter-forces are already emerging. Who holds them accountable for the decisions they make on behalf of all of us? This would require a system of delayed advertising revenue distribution where ad funds are held until the article is proven as accurate or not. Information with the intent to deceive, opinions masquerading as facts, exciting developments, boring truths, crafty deceptions they are all part of the internet "information soup." These developments have given rise to the new term, information literacy "the ability to discern between information that is relevant and accurate . Pyramid source: Wi kimedia Commons. The audiences typically are looking for information that fits their belief systems, so it is a really tough problem.. They offered a range of suggestions, from regulatory reforms applied to the platforms that aid misinformation merchants to legal penalties applied to wrongdoers. Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. Which of the following uses top-down processing to best explain Connie's sudden shift in attention? A) The late selection filter because it does not filter out irrelevant physical information before it has been processed in terms of its physical significance. C) The early selection filter because it allows higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Those trying to stop the spread of false information are working to design technical and human systems that can weed it out and minimize the ways in which bots and other schemes spread lies and misinformation. An anonymous business leader argued, It is too easy to create fake facts, too labor-intensive to check and too easy to fool checking algorithms. And this response of an anonymous research scientist based in North America echoed the view of many participants in this canvassing: We will develop technologies to help identify false and distorted information, BUT they wont be good enough., In the arms race between those who want to falsify information and those who want to produce accurate information, the former will always have an advantage. Jamais Cascio. a.c.to understand why people do what they do b.d.to identify how to motivate employees. Participants were next asked to explain their answers. Which of the following is true about filters in Microsoft Excel databases? A. are the most complex type of firewall B. seldom examine the data or the addresses of the message C. can filter both inbound and outbound traffic D. examine the destination address but not the source address E. can examine the contents of VPN packets 26) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Those who want to seek out reliable sources will have no problems doing so. "The ACLU believes in an uncensored Internet, a vast free-speech zone deserving at least as much First Amendment protection as that afforded to traditional media such as books, newspapers, and magazines. Which of the following statements is accurate about . What is truth? The rise of new and highly varied voices with differing agendas and motivations might generally be considered to be a good thing. C) Turning around and looking at the person in the library who just turned their music on full blast. Outside this, chaos will reign., Alexander Halavais, associate professor of social technologies at Arizona State University, said, As there is value in accurate information, the availability of such information will continue to grow. The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree., Micah Altman, director of research for the Program on Information Science at MIT, commented, Technological advances are creating forces pulling in two directions: It is increasingly easy to create real-looking fake information; and it is increasingly easy to crowdsource the collection and verification of information. to send it. Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions. Censorship will be rejected. An anonymous respondent wrote, There is always a fight between truth and free speech. Miscommunication is annoying, but not dangerous. ", Access Denied: How Internet Filtering in Schools Harms Public Education (February 2013) He recently read a memo from one, department presenting a new idea for a product. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Trust in Media, In late 2016, Oxford Dictionaries selected post-truth as the word of the year, defining it as relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.. Jonathan Grudin, Mark Bunting, visiting academic at Oxford Internet Institute, a senior digital strategy and public policy advisor with 16 years of experience at the BBC and as a digital consultant, wrote, Our information environment has been immeasurably improved by the democratisation of the means of publication since the creation of the web nearly 25 years ago. B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Group projects are always awful and end in an F." Which challenge to groupwork is he demonstrating? Medium conflict leads to high performance. It maintains the information in a dynamic state table and evaluates subsequent connection attempts. High-quality journalism has been decimated due to changes in the attention economy. An information filtering system is a system that removes redundant or unwanted information from an information stream using (semi)automated or computerized methods prior to presentation to a human user. CHECKPOINT QUESTION Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? People will continue to cosset their own cognitive biases.. IMPORTANT: When " is any of " condition is . The success of Donald Trump will be a flaming signal that this strategy works, alongside the variety of technologies now in development (and early deployment) that can exacerbate this problem. A distinguished professor emeritus of political science at a U.S. university wrote, Misinformation will continue to thrive because of the long (and valuable) tradition of freedom of expression. and subscription providers will have a vested interest in culling down false narratives; 2) Algorithms that filter news will learn to discern the quality of a news item and not just tailor to virality or political leaning., In order to reduce the spread of fake news, we must deincentivize it financially. B) Spatial Cueing paradigm By Kristen R. Batch with ALA Office for Information Technology Policy and ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom, Filtering and the First Amendment (2013) Any row that doesn't meet the conditions (the expression evaluates to false or NULL) is discarded. Information provided by the ALA Advocacy and Public Policy Office. If there is a great amount of pressure from the industry to solve this problem (which there is), then methodologies will be developed and progress will be made In other words, if theres a will, theres way. Inquiries can be directed via email to oif@ala.org or via phone at 800-545-2433, extension 4220. Like all resources and services provided by the library, provision of access to digital resources and services should follow the principles outlined in the Library Bill of Rights to ensure equitable access regardless of content or platform. Open Net Initiative (2014)"Internet censorship and surveillance are growing global phenomena. D) The Dichotic listening paradigm. They argued against it for several reasons, including the fact that it enables even broader government and corporate surveillance and control over more of the public. Which of the following statements about visual search tasks is most correct? A leading internet pioneer who has worked with the FCC, the UNs International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the General Electric Co. (GE) and other major technology organizations commented, The internet-as-weapon paradigm has emerged., Dean Willis, consultant for Softarmor Systems, commented, Governments and political groups have now discovered the power of targeted misinformation coupled to personalized understanding of the targets. Unless we equip people with media literacy and critical-thinking skills, the spread of misinformation will prevail.. the situation: OMG, I h8 my prof. It operates at the Network layer and offers good performance but is the least secure. A) Target detection is faster in the cued location through the use of automatic processing. Theme 1: The information environment will not improve: The problem is human nature Theme 2: The information environment will not improve because technology will create new challenges that can't or won't be countered effectively and at scale Theme 3: The information environment will improve because technology will help label, filter or ban misinformation and thus upgrade the public's . Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries, Filtering Software: The Religious Connection, Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. Many of those who expect no improvement of the information environment said those who wish to spread misinformation are highly motivated to use innovative tricks to stay ahead of the methods meant to stop them. Theyll be part of the immune system. Support OIF with a $25, $50, $100, or $250 donation. Martin is the financial director of the small business. One cannot apply a filter for more than one column in a cell range. Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later (2014) They predicted a future information landscape in which fake information crowds out reliable information. B) Speed of speech Practice all cards. The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree. That means the continuing bifurcation of haves and have-nots, when it comes to trusted news and information., An anonymous editor and publisher commented, Sadly, many Americans will not pay attention to ANY content from existing or evolving sources. Access to Digital Resources and Services: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights (2019) The average man or woman in America today has less knowledge of the underpinnings of his or her daily life than they did 50 or a hundred years ago. Digital resources and services allow libraries to significantly expand the scope of information available to users. Broken as it might be, the internet is still capable of routing around damage., Marina Gorbis, executive director of the Institute for the Future, predicted, Its not going to be better or worse but very different. United States v. American Library Association,539 U.S. 194 (2003)Legal Briefs filed in United States v. American Library Association (CIPA Before the Supreme Court). a.The nominal group technique is a technique used routinely at most meetings. This will use a combination of organizational and technological tools but above all, will require a sharpened sense of good judgment and access to diverse, including rivalrous, sources. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Remember that quote from Roger Ailes: People dont want to BE informed, they want to FEEL informed. Sigh.. Among educated people, we have learned mechanisms for coping with complexity. for Library Service to Children (ALSC), Assn. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Lying is a powerful way to do that. They will keep unfriending those who dont, and passing on rumors and fake news that agrees with their point of view. Jason Hong, A number of respondents referred to this as an arms race. David Sarokin of Sarokin Consulting and author of Missed Information, said, There will be an arms race between reliable and unreliable information. And David Conrad, a chief technology officer, replied, In the arms race between those who want to falsify information and those who want to produce accurate information, the former will always have an advantage., Jim Hendler, professor of computing sciences at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, commented, The information environment will continue to change but the pressures of politics, advertising and stock-return-based capitalism rewards those who find ways to manipulate the system, so it will be a constant battle between those aiming for objectiveness and those trying to manipulate the system., John Markoff, retired journalist and former technology reporter for The New York Times, said, I am extremely skeptical about improvements related to verification without a solution to the challenge of anonymity on the internet. A story can be distorted, disproportional, meant to mislead and still, strictly speaking, factually accurate. Which of the following correctly outlines a limitation to Broadbent's single filter model? Theres also the issue of subtle nuances or differences of opinion or interpretation. A pure collaborative algorithm cannot recommend an item if there are . We will have to evolve new tools for authentication and verification. Experimental scientists have many careful protocols in place to assure the veracity of their work, and the questions they ask have well-defined answers and still there can be controversy about what is true, what work was free from outside influence. Some said they expect some other systematic and social changes will alter things. O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. D) Inhibition of return increases the effort required for an individual to attend to the same stimulus several times, thereby decreasing evolutionary survival. According to Cherry's work on auditory attention, which of the following would NOT help to distinguish target sounds from background noise? But the overarching and competing themes were clear: Those who do not think things will improve felt that humans mostly shape technology advances to their own, not-fully-noble purposes and that bad actors with bad motives will thwart the best efforts of technology innovators to remedy todays problems. Americans worry about that: A Pew Research Centerstudy conducted just after the 2016 election found 64% of adults believe fake news stories cause a great deal of confusion and 23% said they had shared fabricated political stories themselves sometimes by mistake and sometimes intentionally. These benefits are not amenable to technological resolution as they are social, political and cultural in nature. Donald Trumps repeated fake news smears of The New York Times, Washington Post, etc., are among his most destructive non-truths., Susan Etlinger, industry analyst at Altimeter Research, said, There are two main dynamics at play: One is the increasing sophistication and availability of machine learning algorithms and the other is human nature. Which of the following correctly outlines the type of processing and effect on target detection? These people will drop out of the normal flow of information. Most of these experts do not expect there will be a perfect system but they expect advances. Emmanuel Edet, head of legal services at the National Information Technology Development Agency of Nigeria, observed, The information environment will improve but at a cost to privacy., Bill Woodcock, executive director of the Packet Clearing House, wrote, Theres a fundamental conflict between anonymity and control of public speech, and the countries that dont value anonymous speech domestically are still free to weaponize it internationally, whereas the countries that do value anonymous speech must make it available to all, [or] else fail to uphold their own principle., James LaRue, director of the Office for Intellectual Freedom of the American Library Association, commented, Information systems incentivize getting attention. B) 50 objects including blue squares and yellow circles. Knox, published in the International Journal of Communication, Internet Filtering Technology and Aversive Online Experiences in Adolescents (2017) Scott Shamp, a dean at Florida State University, commented, Too many groups gain power through the proliferation of inaccurate or misleading information. Bots are often employed, and AI is expected to be implemented heavily in the information wars to magnify the speed and impact of messaging. $45.84$34.38\$45.84 - \$34.38 Information overload crushes peoples attention spans. The Weekly World News had a circulation of over a million for its mostly fictional news stories that are printed and sold in a format closely resembling a newspaper. It is also human nature to come together and fix problems: The hopeful experts in this canvassing took the view that people have always adapted to change and that this current wave of challenges will also be overcome. Filters and algorithms will improve to both verify raw data, separate overlays and to correct for a feedback loop., Semantic technologies will be able to cross-verify statements, much like meta-analysis., The credibility history of each individual will be used to filter incoming information., The veracity of information will be linked to how much the source is perceived as trustworthy we may, for instance, develop a trust index and trust will become more easily verified using artificial-intelligence-driven technologies., The work being done on things like verifiable identity and information sharing through loose federation will improve things somewhat (but not completely). In a spatial cueing paradigm, the target appears shortly after the cue, and equally often in both cued and uncued locations at random on the left and right sides. They noted their faith was grounded in history, arguing that humans have always found ways to innovate to overcome problems. The presence of largescale landlords controlling significant sections of the ecosystem (e.g., Google, Facebook) aids in this counter-response., A professor in technology law at a West-Coast-based U.S. university said, Intermediaries such as Facebook and Google will develop more-robust systems to reward legitimate producers and punish purveyors of fake news., A longtime director for Google commented, Companies like Google and Facebook are investing heavily in coming up with usable solutions. These are the bedrock institutions much of the public has relied upon for objective, verified, reliable information information undergirded by ethical standards and a general goal of serving the common good. Solving this problem will require larger changes in society., A number of respondents mentioned market capitalism as a primary obstacle to improving the information environment. So ignorance breeds frustration, which breeds acting out, which breeds antisocial and pathological behavior, such as the disinformation, which was the subject of the survey, and many other undesirable second order effects. Areas of assistance include policy development, First Amendment issues, and professional ethics. It is that there are all these other options, and people can choose to live in worlds where they ignore so-called reliable sources, or ignore a multiplicity of sources that can be compared, and focus on what they want to believe. Is there an immediate nexus between widespread ignorance and corrupted information sources? 10. Filtering can be applied to rows but not columns. This will end up being a censored information reality., An eLearning specialist observed, Any system deeming itself to have the ability to judge information as valid or invalid is inherently biased. And a professor and researcher noted, In an open society, there is no prior determination of what information is genuine or fake.. In fact, a share of the respondents predicted that the online information environment will not improve in the next decade because any requirement for authenticated identities would take away the publics highly valued free-speech rights and allow major powers to control the information environment. Itll be the continuing dumbing down of the masses, although the upper cadres (educated/thoughtful) will read/see/know, and continue to battle., An anonymous respondent said, There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe., Many who see little hope for improvement of the information environment said technology will not save society from distortions, half-truths, lies and weaponized narratives. Some chose to have their names connected to their answers; others opted to respond anonymously. B) In the dichotic listening task, information in the unattended channel always has no effect on participants, whether in terms of implicit or explicit memory. The most important action societies can take to protect people is education, information and training., An early internet developer and security consultant commented, Fake news is not a product of a flaw in the communications channel and cannot be fixed by a fix to the channel. Given that there is freedom of speech, I wonder how the situation can ever improve. It will again involve information channeling more than misinformation suppression; contradictory claims have always existed in print, but have been manageable and often healthy., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Fake news is not new. Research demonstrates that filters consistently both over- and underblock the content they claim to filter.

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