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The 2010 competition was cancelled by the Ukrainian Ministry of Culture two days before its opening. are the implementation of Strategy for Sustainable Development "Ukraine 2020", the results achieved and plan of further actions to reform the local government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine, export promotion and attraction of investments in Ukraine, new opportunities for public-private partnerships, practical steps to create "electronic government", issues of energy conservation and development of oil and gas industry in the Kharkiv Region, creating an effective system of production and processing of agricultural products, investment projects that will receive funding from the State Fund for Regional Development, development of international integration, preparation for privatization of state enterprises. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [51] Confident in his control over Ukraine, in January 1934 Stalin had the capital of the Ukrainian SSR moved from Kharkiv to Kyiv.[52]. [citation needed], There is the educational "Landau Center", which is named after Prof. L.D. Omissions? [97][98], From early November until mid-December, Kharkiv was struck by seven non-lethal bomb blasts. [57][58] It was retaken (Operation Star) on 16 February 1943, but lost again to the Germans on 15 March 1943. He was allowed to return to his mayoral duties. The citys wide range of products has included diesel locomotives, machine tools, mining machinery, tractors and other agricultural machinery, bicycles, generators, steam turbines, and many electrical items. [67] The election was relatively free, but occurred well before organised political parties had time to form, and did not arrest the decline in the CPSU's legitimacy. [37], Since turn of the century, the influx of new workers from the countryside changed the ethnic composition of Kharkiv. [143], Recently built churches include the St. Valentine Orthodox Church and the St. Tamara Orthodox Church.[144][145]. (From articles and declarations of Mykola Skrypnyk))", "To the Workers and the Administrative and Technical personnel of Kharkov Tractor Works Project", Tank factory workers decry war that pits Ukrainian against Ukrainian, 1897 . 50 , "Kharkov, Ukraine Virtual Jewish History Tour", Games from the Past: The continuity and change of the identity dynamic in Donbas from a historical perspective, "The Transformation of the Soviet Agriculture", "A New View of a Famine That Killed Millions", Ukrainian minstrels: and the blind shall sing, The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field, "Records Relating to the Katyn Forest Massacre at the National Archives", " " " (Kharkiv at times of "matured childhood" of Lyudmila Gurchenko)", "Kharkiv through the eyes of Lyudmila Gurchenko", " | ", "WWII Holocaust survivor killed in Ukraine's Kharkiv", "96-year-old Holocaust survivor said killed in Russian shelling of his Kharkiv home", "Model Soviet City of the Brezhnev Era: The Image of Kharkiv in Selected Propaganda Texts", "SHCHERBITSKY DISMISSED AS COMMUNIST PARTY BOSS IN UKRAINE", " : 30 ", "The lesson of the Revolution on Granite", "The Underachiever: Ukraine's Economy Since 1991", "The Party of Regions monopolises power in Ukraine", Ukraine opposition protests election results, Ukraine Authorities Clear Kharkiv Building, Arrest Scores Of 'Separatists', How Eastern Ukraine Is Adapting and Surviving: The Case of Kharkiv, "Kharkiv Talks in a Viennese Kitchen On Revolution, War and Literature in Ukraine", "From Russia, 'Tourists' Stir the Protests", "Russian site recruits 'volunteers' for Ukraine", "Pro-Russia activists declare establishment of 'Kharkiv people's republic', "Protesters Storm Kharkiv Theater Thinking It Was City Hall", "Kharkiv's Kernes justifies his 180-degree political turn by saying he was 'prisoner' of Yanukovych system", "Authorities Clear Occupied Kharkiv Building", "Ukraine mayor in critical condition after he was shot in the back", "Kharkiv settles down, while pro-Russian separatists still hold buildings in Luhansk, Donetsk", "Kharkiv city government building infiltrated by pro-Russian protesters", " 50 : ", "Ukraine crisis: US and EU to intensify Russia sanctions", Ukraine mayor in critical condition after he was shot in the back, "Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine based on information received until 23 June 2014", "Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) in Ukraine based on information received until 18:00 hrs, 23 July", Ukrainian Crowds Topple Lenin Statue (Again), Seven recent blasts in Ukraine city stir fear of new Russian menace, Mysterious spate of bombings hit Ukraine military hub, SBU: Russian special services target Kharkiv, Odesa, situation difficult to control, Bomb Attacks Increase In Ukraine's Second-Largest City, Kharkiv, Kharkiv explosion targeting Ukrainian flag classified as 'terrorist act', Explosion In Ukraine's Kharkiv Targets National Flag Memorial, : , , Keys to cities. Over the past week, Kharkiv has experienced some of the worst Russian shelling it has seen to date, killing more than 15 people, as worries grow in Kyiv that Russia is now mounting another attack. Based on Kharkiv's topography, the city can be conditionally divided into four lower districts and four higher districts. [85], Kharkiv's mayor, Hennadiy "Gepa" Kernes, elected in 2010 as the nominee of the Party of Regions, was placed under house arrest. As of 2001, the population of the Kharkiv region is as follows: 78.5% living in urban areas, and 21.5% living in rural areas.[138]. Advertisement. [12], Administrative reforms led to Kharkiv being governed from 1708 from Kyiv,[16] and from 1727 from Belgorod. [20] The first Ukrainian newspaper was published in the city in 1812. , 2004, . Hundreds of Ukrainian intellectuals were arrested and deported. From Ukrainian (Xrkiv), from Old Ruthenian (compare Russian (Xrkov), whence English Kharkov). [32] By December 1919 Soviet authority was restored. There is also a female football club WFC Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv, which represented Ukraine in the European competitions and constantly is the main contender for the national title. [101] On 22 February an improvised explosive device killed four people and wounded nine during a march commemorating the Euromaidan victims. [citation needed]. . Multipurpose aircraft are produced by the Antonov aircraft manufacturing plant. Kharkiv's Metro is the city's rapid transit system operating since 1975. [69], The National University of Kharkiv was at the forefront of democratic agitation. KHARKIV, Ukraine - When Fuminori Tsuchiko arrived in the eastern Ukrainian city of Kharkiv last year, he said he wanted to do anything he could to help people following Russia's invasion. Kyiv, Ukraine (CNN) Ukraine's second largest city, Kharkiv, is believed to have been one of the invading Russian military's first strategic targets. [161][162] On 29 January[O.S. Kharkiv Oblast Kharkiv Raion Alternative forms (from Russian) Khar'kov, Kharkov, Char'kov, Charkov, Har'kov, Harkov; Etymology . In October 1991, a call from Kyiv for an all-Ukrainian university strike to protest Gorbachev's new Union Treaty and to call for new multi-party elections was met with a rally at the entrance to the university attended not only by students and university teachers, but also by a range of public and cultural figures. Ed. (Donbas and Ukraine. Industry plays a significant role in Kharkiv's economy, specialised primarily in machinery and electronics. [citation needed] It was the centre for the work of literary figures such as: Les Kurbas, Mykola Kulish, Mykola Khvylovy, Mykola Zerov, Valerian Pidmohylny, Pavlo Filipovych, Marko Voronny, Oleksa Slisarenko. Heres why. [19] In 1844 the 90 metres (300ft) tall Alexander Bell Tower, commemorating the victory over Napoleon I in 1812, was built next to the first Assumption Cathedral (later to be transformed by the Soviet authorities into a radio tower). Russian troops have engaged in street combat there with Ukrainian . At some point, all shelling sites look the same. Nightly excursion through the host-city), ":. From 1907 to 2008, at least 86 feature films were shot in the city's territory and its region. Kharkiv is a city of oblast subordinance. These universities include Kharkiv National University (12,000students), National Technical University "KhPI" (20,000students), Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics (12,000students), Kharkiv National Aerospace University "KhAI", Kharkiv National University of Economics, Kharkiv National University of Pharmacy, and Kharkiv National Medical University. The National Aerospace University "Kharkiv Aviation Institute" Museum was founded on 29 May 1992. Its nodal position was enhanced in the later 19th century by the opening of the adjacent Donets Basin coalfield, first reached by rail from Kharkiv in 1869. [43] The Ukrainization policy was reversed, with the prosecution in Kharkiv in 1930 of the Union for the Freedom of Ukraine. [17], Kharkiv University was established in 1805 in the Palace of Governorate-General. [9] In the 8th to 10th centuries the Khazar fortress of Verkhneye Saltovo stood about 25 miles (40km) east of the modern city, near Staryi Saltiv. [208][209] The Kharkiv buses carry about 12million passengers annually. This tragic event in Ukrainian history is called the "Executed Renaissance" (Rozstrilene vidrodzhennia). In the 1930s Kharkiv was referred to as a Literary Klondike. "Kharkov" redirects here. The 96-year old survivor of forced labor at the Buchenwald, Peenemnde, Dora and Bergen Belsen concentration camps was killed when Russian fire hit his apartment bloc on 18 March 2022). That very morning the Kharkiv citizens woke up with the sound of explosions or the telephone calls from their panic-stricken relatives. [12] As new buildings were going up, many of city's historic architectural monuments were being torn down. [80] Disappointed at the turnout, an activist at Kharkiv University suggested that his fellow students "proved to be as much of an inert, grey and cowed mass as Kharkivs biudzhetniki " (those whose income derives from the state budget, mostly public servants). In 1991, it decreased to 1,510,200, including 1,494,200 permanent residents. Today, Kharkiv is often referred to as the "capital city" of Ukrainian science fiction and fantasy. In Kharkiv, a Ukrainian national identity has been fortified by Russian incursions and threats. There are two mosques including the Kharkiv Cathedral Mosque and one Islamic center in Kharkiv. [27][28] By February 1918 their forces had captured much of Ukraine. Kharkiv was a major target for Russian forces in the northeastern Ukraine campaign during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine before they were pushed back to the Russia-Ukraine border. Anyone can read what you share. The city remains under intermittent Russian fire. [42] The city's Jewish population, 62,800 in 1970,[42] had dropped to 50,000 by the end of the century. Understand [ edit] The city is located in the northeast of the country. 1. outline [] The Kharkov People's Republic is an unrecognized state founded on April 7, 2014 after some pro-Russian demonstrators in protest against the Euromaidan revolution occupied the Kharkiv provincial government building . [74], In the 1 December 1991 Referendum on the Act of Declaration of Independence, on a turnout of 76 percent 86 percent of the Kharkiv Oblast approved separate Ukrainian statehood. Besides, there are 22 large companies with the workers' number ranging from 201 to 600. The site of shelling in Kharkiv, Ukraine, on Thursday. The Roentgen Institute opened in 1931. Kharkiv, which is close to the Russian border in northeastern Ukraine, was one of the first cities to come under attack when Russia invaded two months ago. The International Economic Forum: Innovations. In practice the share of secondary schools teaching in the Ukrainian language remained lower than the ethnic Ukrainian share of the Kharkiv Oblasts population. [88], Relatively peaceful demonstrations continued to be held, with "pro-Russian" rallies gradually diminishing and "pro-Ukrainian unity" demonstrations growing in numbers. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Jewish population rose from under 6 percent of the total, to over 15 percent[40][41] (sustaining a Hebrew secondary school, a popular Jewish university and extensive publication in Yiddish and Hebrew). A civil defense man stands guard at a checkpoint in Kyiv, Ukraine, Saturday, as Russian troops continued their advance. The representatives to the city council are elected every four years. The approximate dimensions of city of Kharkiv are: from the North to the South 24.3km; from the West to the East 25.2km. [14] But the river's name is attested earlier than the foundation of the fortress. "Control over Kharkiv is completely ours! After the collapse of the Soviet Union the largely defence-systems-oriented industrial production of the city decreased significantly. The Kharkiv Lilacs international film festival is very popular among movie stars, makers and producers in Ukraine, Eastern Europe, Western Europe and North America. Kharkiv is one of the main cultural centres in Ukraine. [147][148][149] Kharkiv has a diversified service economy, with employment spread across a wide range of professional services, including financial services, manufacturing, tourism, and high technology. Avangard Budy is a bandy club from Kharkiv, which won the Ukrainian championship in 2013. In 1658, a new voivode, Ivan Ofrosimov, commanded the locals to kiss the cross in a demonstration of loyalty to Tsar Alexis. [171][172] It is home to a number of popular writers, such as H. L. Oldie, Alexander Zorich, Andrey Dashkov, Yuri Nikitin and Andrey Valentinov; most of them write in Russian and are popular in both Russia and Ukraine. Kharkiv is one of the most important cultural and educational centres of Ukraine. Landau, Nobel laureate in Kharkiv.[165]. After the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea the monument to Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny in Sevastopol was removed and handed over to Kharkiv.[203]. was attended by the diplomatic corps representatives from 17 world countries, working in Ukraine together with top-management of trans-national corporations and investment funds; plus Ukrainian People's Deputies; plus Ukrainian Central government officials, who determine the national economic development strategy; plus local government managers, who perform practical steps in implementing that strategy; plus managers of technical assistance to Ukraine; plus business and NGO's representatives; plus media people. The full-scale war started, and . Fourth Battle of Kharkov; Before the occupation, Kharkiv's tank industries were evacuated to the Urals with all their equipment, and became the heart of Red Army's tank programs . . -2982, . [citation needed], Due to the comparably narrow market for IT services in Ukraine, the majority of Kharkiv companies are export-oriented with more than 95% of total sales generated overseas in 2017. Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: , romanized: Kharkivska oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine. [12], In the Brezhnev-era, Kharkiv was promoted as a "model Soviet city". "How to spell Kharkiv or Kharkov", "what language do they speak in Kharkov", "is Kharkiv the same as Kharkov", and other Google searches have boomed since Feb. 24. This valley lies from the North West to the South East between the Mid Russian highland and Donetsk lowland. ", " ", " " ", " "", " - ()", " - ()", " - ", " . [11], In 1654, in the midst of this period of turmoil for Right-bank Ukraine, groups of people came onto the banks of Lopan and Kharkiv rivers where they resurrected and fortified an abandoned settlement. 3/4 century ago it lost its status of the capital of Ukraine (Soviet Ukraine) but we think it has all the chances to get this status back. Mid-century, the Khmelnytsky Uprising against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth saw the brief establishment of an independent Cossack Hetmanate. The Kharkiv North Airport is a factory airfield and was a major production facility for Antonov aircraft company. Kharkiv, Ukraines second-largest city and a major target of Russias invading forces, has a special place in the Kremlins version of history, which portrays it as the place that demonstrates the folly of Ukraine trying to live apart from Russia. It is an old girder that now - is a modern park zone more than 12km length. Pop. From fortress to capital. . If a word is same in both languages, you have to change O for I and you've got a . [178][179], The annual festival is usually conducted in May. [115] In March 2022, during the Battle of Kharkiv, the city was designated as a Hero City of Ukraine. Kharkiv is also the headquarters of one of the largest Ukrainian banks, UkrSibbank, which has been part of the BNP Paribas group since December 2005. [citation needed] Trolleybuses, trams (which celebrated its 100-year anniversary of service in 2006), and marshrutkas (private minibuses) are also important means of transportation in the city. Feb. 24, 2022. 456. The same day, new rocket strike destroyed one of buildings of Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute, killing one person. Investments. There are many modern arts galleries in the city: the Yermilov Centre, Lilacs Gallery, the Kharkiv Art Museum, the Kharkiv Municipal Gallery, the AC Gallery, Palladium Gallery, the Semiradsky Gallery, AVEK Gallery, and Arts of Slobozhanshyna Gallery among others. It is the second largest city in Ukraine and is the centre of a metropolitan area comprising many satellite towns. [223] Presently, the modern bicycle highway is under construction at the "Leso park" () district in Kharkiv. The Kharkiv National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre named after N. V. Lysenko is the biggest theatre in Kharkiv. .: 2005. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [2] Also, owing to this law, over 200 streets have been renamed in Kharkiv since 20 November 2015. Khartron[157] is the leading designer of space and commercial control systems in Ukraine and the former CIS. [87] Kernes persuaded the police to storm the regional administration building and push out the separatists. The Malyshev factory produces not only armoured fighting vehicles, but also harvesters. Investments. Light industries have produced foodstuffs and other consumer goods. The true number is likely . 2. Commanding worker, rather than peasant, votes, within the city itself the Bolsheviks won a plurality. Also referred to as "Kharkov," Kharkiv is a large city situated in the northeastern part of Ukraine. . The former largest carrier of the Kharkiv Airport Aeromost-Kharkiv is not serving any regular destinations as of 2007[update]. [99] According to SBU investigator Vasyliy Vovk, Russian covert forces were behind the attacks, and had intended to destabilise the otherwise calm city of Kharkiv. During World War II, Kharkiv was the focus of major battles. [82] On 2 March 2014, a Russian "tourist" from Moscow replaced the Ukrainian flag with a Russian flag on the Kharkiv Regional State Administration Building. [146] It is served by the old Kharkiv Choral Synagogue, which was fully renovated in Kharkiv in 19912016. The first railway connection of Kharkiv was opened in 1869. Overall, the estimated revenue of Kharkiv IT companies will more than double from $800 million in 2018 to $1.85 billion by 2025. By the early 17th century, the area was a contested frontier region with renegade populations that had begun to organise in Cossack formations and communities defined by a common determination to resist both Tatar slavery, and Polish-Lithuanian and Russian serfdom. The most successful is FC Dynamo Kharkiv that won eight national titles back in the 1920s1930s. Thus, Kharkiv accounts for 14% of all IT specialists in Ukraine and makes the second largest IT location in the country, right after the capital Kyiv. The same determination seems to arise wherever you go and to whomever you speak: A fierce belief, here, is . [169], The Kharkiv Theatre of the Young Spectator (now the Theatre for Children and Youth) is one of the oldest theatres for children.[170]. [55][56] A disastrous Red Army offensive failed to recover the city in May 1942. While Kharkiv is the administrative centre of the Kharkiv Oblast (province), the city affairs are managed by the Kharkiv Municipality. A Russian-orchestrated attempt to take over the city had failed in 2014, but, just to the east of Kharkiv, an occupation regime was established, and a shooting war went on for eight years. But in part this reflected labor shortages caused by the steady outflow of young and skilled workers to Poland and other European countries. but lost this function to Kyiv in 1934. Kharkiv, which is near the Russian border and only 80 kilometers (50 miles) southwest of the Russian city of Belgorod, has undergone weeks of intense shelling. Kharkiv has 212 (secondary education) schools, including 10 lyceums and 20gymnasiums. When protesters in Kyiv toppled Ukraines pro-Russian president, Viktor F. Yanukovych, in 2014, Kharkiv became the focus of a Russian-orchestrated effort to rally opposition to the new government in Kyiv and restore Mr. Yanukovych to power. In the early 2000s, the industry started to recover and adapt to market economy needs. [30] Six weeks later, under the treaty terms agreed with the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk, they abandoned the city and ceded the territory to the German-occupied Ukrainian State. [68] This was accelerated by the intra-party coup attempt against President Mikhail Gorbachev and his reforms on August 18, 1991, during which Ivashko temporarily replaced by Gorbachev as CPSU General Secretary. [22] Following the revolutionary events 1905 in which Kharkiv distinguished itself by avoiding a reactionary pogrom against its Jewish population,[23] the RUP in Kharkiv, Poltava, Kyiv, Nizhyn, Lubny, and Yekaterinodar repudiated the more extreme elements of Ukrainian nationalism. In the new century, these were represented by the Party of Regions and by the presidential ambitions of Victor Yanukovych,[77] which in Kharkiv triumphed in the city council elections of 2006, in the parliamentary elections of 2007 and in the presidential elections of 2010. ", Poroshenko opens new subway station in Kharkiv, "Railway Stations:: Euro-2012:: - ", "Main | 5th Kharkiv International Marathon", "Kharkiv International Marathon 2017 - Race Details - Marathon Runners Diary", "Ukraine Sport Events - ", "Kharkiv International Marathon 2016 ", "- Superior Golf & Spa Resort ", "zabytki.in.ua/ru/430/kharkovskii-ippodrom", " - ", " . [26], When in Petrograd Lenin's Council of People's Commissars disbanded the Constituent Assembly after its first sitting, the Tsentralna Rada in Kyiv proclaimed the independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR). The first appointed voivode from Moscow was Voyin Selifontov in 1656, who began to build a local ostrog (fort). [100] On 8 January 2015 five men wearing balaclavas broke into an office of Station Kharkiv, a volunteer group aiding refugees from Donbas. Kharkiv is also a node on the trunk highway system of Ukraine and Russia, with highways to Moscow, to Kyiv and western Ukraine, to Zaporizhzhya and Crimea, and to Rostov-na-Donu and the Caucasus. [1] Bolsheviks withdrew from Tsentralna Rada and formed their own Rada (national council) in Kharkiv. The Kharkiv Puppet Museum is the oldest museum of dolls in Ukraine. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/24/world/europe/kharkiv-russia.html. Kharkiv's climate is humid continental (Kppen climate classification Dfa/Dfb) with long, cold, snowy winters and warm to hot summers. The average rainfall totals 519mm (20in) per year, with the most in June and July. [221][222] There is a large bicycles producer, Kharkiv Bicycle Plant within the city. Metalist Stadium hosted three group matches at UEFA Euro 2012. The major markets are North America (65%) and Europe (25%).[159]. Kharkiv, Ukraine's second-largest city and a major target of Russia's invading forces, has a special place in the Kremlin's version of history, which portrays it as the place . Kharkov: Architecture, monuments, renovations: Travel guide. The city is named after the Kharkiv River. [112][113] UNESCO has confirmed that in the first three weeks of bombardment the city experienced the loss or damage of at least 27 major historical buildings. The city was captured by Nazi Germany on 24 October 1941. Founding and Fall [] Since the end of 2013, the Euromaidan Revolution and the Crimean Crisis of 2014 . The "National University of Pharmacy" Museum was founded in Kharkiv on 15 September 2010. [122], According to the 1989 Soviet Union Census, the population of the city was 1,593,970. Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine, with numerous museums, theatres and libraries, including the Annunciation and Dormition cathedrals, the Derzhprom building in Freedom Square, and the National University of Kharkiv. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was predominantly Russian in population, but as industrial expansion drew in further labor from the distressed countryside, and as the Soviet Union moderated previous restrictions on Ukrainian cultural expression, Ukrainians became the largest ethnic group in the city by the eve of World War II. These included most of the baroque churches: Saint Nicholas's Cathedral of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox church, the Church of the Myrrhophores, Saint Demetrius's Church, and the Cossack fortified Church of the Nativity. Slavs in Canada, vol. These enterprises returned to Kharkiv after the war, and became central elements of the post-war Soviet military industrial complex. Tennis is also a popular sport in Kharkiv. Investments. - (Living Kharkiv. Kharkiv is closer to Russia than any other large Ukrainian city. - ", " " - ". [111] Video purported to record explosions and fire at the plant on 25 and 27 February 2022. By Masha Gessen February 4, 2022 The train station in Kharkiv, in northeast Ukraine near the. The Ecopark is situated at circle highway around Kharkiv. It lies at the confluence of the Uda, Lopan, and Kharkiv rivers. Poliakova. Kharkiv is served by Kharkiv International Airport. The enterprises form machine-building, electro-technology, instrument-making, and energy conglomerates. - Announcements - Embassy of Ukraine in the United States of America", " :: International Economic Forum "Innovations. and its response "Glory on all of earth!". [44], In 1932 and '33, the combination of grain seizures and the forced collectivisation of peasant holdings created famine conditions, the Holodomor, driving people off the land and into Kharkiv, and other cities, in search of food. Kharkov in times of German occupation (19411943). The mayor of Kharkiv and the city council govern all the business and administrative affairs in the City of Kharkiv. [7] Located in the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the historic region of Sloboda Ukraine. More than half of IT-companies located in the Kharkiv region fall into "extra small" category with less than 20 persons engaged.

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