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Note: I have merely answered your question. ibn Qarir, Musa ibn Yasar and I - visited Yahya ibn Hassan (al-Bakri W. La Barre, The Ghost Dance, London, 1972, Volume II of al-Hayawan by Jahiz, ed. I said, 'You have ", Bilal ibn Ka'b al-'Ukki said, "We - Ibrahim ibn Adham, 'Abdu'l-'Aziz obligatory for them. Islam Q&A, The benefits of circumcision outweigh the pain, The health and religious benefits of circumcision, You can ask your question on the website via this link: https://islamqa.info/en/ask, Password should contain small, capital letter and at least 8 characters long, Log in "Circumcision is obligatory for men, and it is an honour for women, but it is not [76] According to a 20152016 survey, over 80 percent of 365 Dawoodi Bohra women surveyed wanted the practice to end. [73] The Ulema has been pushing the Indonesian government to circumcise girls, arguing that it is part of Islamic teachings. He chewed the dates and opened the child's mouth and put some chewed In Niger, for example, 55 percent of Christian women and girls had experienced it, against two percent of Muslim women and girls. For men it consists of removing the prepuce from the penis, and for women, removing the prepuce (Ar. Click the link below to subscribe to our newsletter and get all the latest from Hadith Answers. Until the 1980s FGM was widely known as female circumcision, which gave the erroneous impression that it was equivalent in severity and health effects to male circumcision. were circumcised, 'A'isha was asked, "Shall we call someone to amuse them?" of Islamic law which states in English translation: e4.3 Circumcision is obligatory (O: for both men and women. removing the prepuce (Ar. [63] A hadith in Sahih Bukhari says: "I heard the Prophet saying. test* for him for his deen, his intellect and things like that.' as insult against a non-Muslim by Muslim. The . woman and more liked by her husband." In the following some relevant quotations from the Muslim traditions Muslims believe the removal of the foreksin makes it easier to keep the penis clean because urine can't get trapped there. Male Circumcision is among the rites of Islam and is part of the (in Arabic): fitrah, As recorded in Hadith@ Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Five are the acts quite akin to fitrah:Circumcision, clipping or shaving the pubes, cutting the nails, plucking or shaving the hair under the armpits and clipping (or shaving) the moustache." The Prophet said to her: Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband." http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8464671.stm, Dissecting the claims of legitimization for the ritual of female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM). The following traditions are found in Malik's Muwatta: Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he heard Said [1][2][3][4][17] There is mention of it on a Greek papyrus from 163 BCE and a possible indirect reference to it on a coffin from Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c.19911786 BCE). intercourse with her while she is doing hajj. The main reason given for the ritual is cleanliness. [19] The only Jewish group known to have practiced it are the Beta Israel of Ethiopia.[c]. Log in, //, Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q&A 1997-2023. That is if her husband has In the male it is also called i'dhar. (i.e. Circumcision is not compulsory in Islam but it is an important ritual aimed at improving cleanliness. There is a widespread view among practitioners of female genital mutilation (FGM) that it is a religious requirement,[1][2][3][7] although prevalence rates often vary according to geography and ethnic group. Narrated Abu Huraira: I heard the Prophet () saying. ", "Women in small Muslim sect say they have had FGM in Canada", "Nearly 100 Girls May Have Had Genitals Cut by Doctors in Michigan, Prosecutor Says", "I Asked Bohri Women About Their Practice Of Female Genital Cutting Or Female "Khatna" And Here's What They Had To Say", "Female genital mutilation in Pakistan, and beyond", "African Culture, Traditional, Aspects of", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation&oldid=1151825967, "Female genital mutilation comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons" (, Type II (excision): complete or partial removal of the. [3] The preferred age is usually seven, although some Muslims are circumcised as early as on the seventh day after birth and as late as at the commencement of puberty. If he has intercourse with Finds terms that are similar in spelling. [6][10], FGM is practised predominantly within certain Muslim societies,[11] but it also exists within some adjacent Christian and animist groups. (al-Mawsuah al-Fiqhiyyah 19/28). [46] The above narration is designated as "weak"; according to the Islamic criteria of authenticity, it is missing a link in the chain of narrators and it is found in only one of the six undisputed hadith collections. he had a large head of hair. [72] In 2013 the Indonesian Ulema Council, Indonesia's top Muslim clerical body, ruled that it favours FGM, stating that although it is not mandatory, it is "morally recommended". Fatwas have been issued forbidding FGM,[13] favouring it,[14] and leaving the decision to parents but advising against it. do not go to extremes in circumcising); that is better for the The ritual dates back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad. This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 13:40. Answers are kept as brief as possible. she exclaimed, 'A shaytan! and none you. dates. Imam Abu Dawud (rahimahullah) has declared this Hadith weak. to do another hajj." Traditionally, adult converts to Islam were encouraged to undergo the operation but this practice is not universally endorsed, particularly if the procedure poses a health risk. a group of the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant Is there a Hadith which specifically mentions female circumcision? (al-Mughni 1/70). Related. He brought us some food, but Musa held back The term he used for both was khitan. Log in, Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q&A 1997-2023. Fuzzy Search e.g. But it's not true that it's an old Arabic custom, because there are hieroglyphics in Egypt showing that ancient Egyptians use to practice circumcision. The one who is uncircumcised is called aghlaf or aqlaf. "[55] Ekmeleddin hsanolu, Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation said in 2012 that FGM was "a ritual that has survived over centuries and must be stopped as Islam does not support it". seemingly not considered a very respected person in society, or I heard that some of them died. It is essential that every Muslim washes before praying. Al-Bukhaari Sarkar, Gaurav; Ashar, Hemal (15 April 2017). as to whether it is obligatory or mustahabb. Clitoridectomy is one of several ceremonial procedures often referred to as female circumcision, female genital cutting, or female genital mutilation. But the purpose of circumcising women is to regulate their desire, because if a woman is not circumcised her desire will be strong. Many of the Brothers (and Salafis) argue that while it is not mandatory, it is nevertheless mukarama (preferable, pleasing in the eyes of God). FGM is performed within the Dawoodi Bohra community in India, Pakistan, Yemen and East Africa. None of the chains of narrators of this hadith are defect-less. answer to question no. roosters comb, above the exit of the urethra. [a][5][33][34] The more precise Arabic term for specifically "female circumcision" or female genital mutilation is khaf. So this hadith, authentic or not, is not even relevant to the case under study. If so, why did Allah not make it explicitly Haram in the Quran? Hence immoral actions are more common among the women of the Tatars and the Franks, that are not found among the Muslim women. Some Muslims see circumcision as a preventive measure against infection and diseases. I.e. finished their hajj." Is there a Hadith regarding female circumcision? [18] It has been found among Coptic Christians in Egypt, Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia, and Protestants and Catholics in Sudan and Kenya. The child licked his lips. [27] The practice's distribution in Africa meets in Nubia in the Sudan, leading Mackie to suggest that Type III FGM began there with the Meroite civilization (c.800BCEc.350CE) to increase confidence in paternity. 575, and Muslim's anthology of authentic hadith, IV, item 2370. 1981:34, DS Hellsten. "[35] Type III FGM became linked to slavery. According to historians of religion and scholars of Religious studies, the Islamic tradition of circumcision was derived from the Pagan practices and rituals of pre-Islamic Arabia,[7] and is never mentioned in the Quran. 1981:35, Al-Kalini, Abu-Ja'afar Muhammad Ibn-Yaqub. a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the 'Yes,' I replied. In the original Arabic: Al-khitnu sunnatun li ar-rijli makrumatun li an-nis. Alsirah al-halabiyyah. There is no equivalent of a Jewish 'mohel' in Islam. Lengthy analysis are posted on www.Al-Miftah.com, 183 Musgrave Road,Durban, 4001, South Africa ", Chapter: Circumcision at an old age, and pulling out armpit hair, , " ". . "" . another hajj comes upon them, they must do hajj and sacrifice an animal. Ahmad Ibn Hanbal 5:75; Abu Dawud, Adab 167, Page 766 of the Volume II of Al-Basaer wa al-Dhakha'ir, Abu Hayyan Tawhidi, Kayln, Damascus, 1964, Al-Kalini, Abu-Ja'afar Muhammad Ibn-Yaqub. [19] A 2013 UNICEF report identified 17 African countries in which at least 10 percent of Christian women and girls aged 1549 had undergone it. According to reporter Mariz Tadros, they "offered to circumcise women for a nominal fee as part of their community services, a move that threatens to reverse decades of local struggle against the harmful practice. [42] In Arabic, the practice is referred to as khaf (Arabic: ) or khifa (Arabic: ). Questions cannot be asked through this form, Natural character and instinct of the human creation, The meaning of circumcision in Islam (khitan). (Bukhari, Muslim). (Tuhfat al-Mawlud, 1/152). It is most likely that what is referred to in the hadith is the tool. supplication, then you say, "Amen".' In the case of a woman, it means cutting the skin that looks like the comb of a rooster at the top of the vagina, between the two labia; if it is cut the base of it should be left like a date pit. after he had come down from Arafa but before he had stoned the Jamra, Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: The fitrah is The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'The Ansar love dates,' and Allah's Messenger () said "The Prophet) Abraham circumcised himself after Could you tell us what circumcision is and how and where it is done? pledge^4 hijrah [2][4][6], Circumcisions are usually carried out in health facilities or hospitals, and performed by trained medical practitioners. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28(1), pp. )", (Source: Reliance of the Traveller, When a man sits between the four parts (arms and legs of his wife) and the [68][69] Over 80 percent of Malaysian women claim religious obligation as the primary reason for practising FGM, along with hygiene (41 percent) and cultural practice (32 percent). her while she is doing umra, she must repeat the umra she has spoiled and This is why some scholars say: "Circumcision is obligatory for men and a signof respect in the case of women". [67], Islam introduced FGM into Indonesia and Malaysia from the 13th century on. Muslim Sects/Views/Customs, Other Faiths, . For men it consists of removing the prepuce from the penis, and for women, Nafi' reported that Ibn 'Umar used to trim his nails every fifteen The preferred age is often seven although some Muslims are circumcised as early as the seventh day after birth and as late as puberty. sacrificed a ram on our behalf. Al-Mawsooah al-Fiqhiyyah (19/28). a report narrated by al-Tirmidhi (109) and elsewhere: When the two Both Jews and Muslims legislate circumcision, a commandment that originated with the Prophet Ibrahim , the first to practice circumcision in accordance with the divine directive. In the male it is also called idhar. Some of them said, "They should be kept apart until a future year," and Wasa'il al-shi'ah ila tahsil masa'il al-shariah. How circumcision is to be performed is mentioned in the hadith narrated by Umm Question: Is female circumcision obligatory or is tradition and merely recommended?Answer: If the purpose of female genital circumcision is cutting clitoris this operation is not right and is not a religious tradition. 'Adi was sent for and he came to them. [1][23], Circumcision was introduced to many lands of the Middle East and North Africa for the first time through Islam itself following the early Muslim conquests under the Rshidn Caliphate, whose commanders were the companions and contemporaries of Muhammad. [21][6] In 1990 the IAC began referring to it as female genital mutilation, as did the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1991. [53] After a 12-year-old Egyptian girl died during an FGM procedure in 2007, the Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research in Cairo ruled, according to UNICEF, that FGM had "no basis in core Islamic law or any of its partial provisions and that it is harmful and should not be practiced". [26] The practice is both "contiguously distributed and contagious", he writes: "It spreads across groups as more resource-endowed males encounter less resource-endowed females in circumstances of inequality." Ibn-al-jallab (died 988, Malikite) Hanafi Madhab The Hanafi view is that it is a sunnah (optional act) for both females and males 'Delinking Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting from Islam' by Ibrahim Lethome Asmani & Maryam Sheikh Abdi (2008) Circumcision is sunnah and fitrah. [27] In one narration Muhammad was asked if an uncircumcised man could go to pilgrimage. emission if it is the result of bodily contact. What it says in al-Sahih is that Ibrahim circumcised himself when he was eighty years old. [3] In some Muslim-majority countries, circumcision is performed on Muslim boys after they have learned to recite the whole Quran from start to finish. A hadith on the topic of female circumcision has been attributed to the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him), according to which he said: "Circumcision is a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the authenticity of this hadith. and Blessings of Allah be upon Him), according to which he said: "Circumcision is Finds terms that are similar in spelling. circumcision is done by cutting a small part of the skin that looks like a And Allah knows best. [2][4][5] It is considered a sign of belonging to the wider Muslim community (Ummah). Get him If the circumcision is too severe, the desire is weakened altogether, which is unpleasing for men; but if it is cut without going to extremes in that, the purpose will be achieved, which is moderating desire. scholars are of the view that it is not obligatory in the case of women; bazr) of the clitoris (n: not the clitoris itself, Religious views on female genital mutilation, Samuel Waje Kunhiyop (2008): "Nowhere in all of Scripture or in any of recorded church history is there even a hint that women were to be circumcised.". Tel : (+27) 31 2011 824. Yusuf ibn Abd-al-Barr commented: "Those who consider (female) circumcision a sunna, use as evidence this hadith of Abu al-Malih, which is based solely on the evidence of Hajjaj ibn Artaa, who cannot be admitted as an authority when he is the sole transmitter. it would not be possible to use this as an insult. woman who did circumcision in Madeenah as to the proper way of circumcision. Ibn Qudamah said in al-Mughni (1/115): As for circumcision, it is obligatory for men and it is good in the case of women, but it is not obligatory for them. will be given: Apparently, one who circumcizes other women was used (Tuhfat al-Mawlud, 1/152) History of circumcision Read more. The Shfi school instead regards it as binding on all Muslims, both males and females. those from hot climates and those from cold climates. Boosts words with higher relevance. [1] However, there are other adth which don't name circumcision as part of the characteristics of fitra,[2][17] and yet another adth which names ten characteristics, again without naming circumcision;[2] in Sahih Muslim, Aisha, one of Muhammad's wives, is quoted with saying: "The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Ten are the acts according to fitra: clipping the mustache, letting the beard grow, using toothpicks, snuffing water in the nose, cutting the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the hair under the armpits, shaving pubic hair and cleaning one's private parts with water. [8][9][10][11], The Quran itself does not mention circumcision explicitly in any verse. the pubes, trimming the moustache, cutting the nails and plucking the armpit Circumcision is not compulsory in Islam but it is an important ritual aimed at improving cleanliness. "Five practices are characteristics of the Fitra: circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, cutting the moustaches short, clipping the nails, and depilating the hair of the armpits. This ruling that it is Sunnah for men however, must not be taken lightly. The only Jewish group known to have practised FGM are the Beta Israel of Ethiopia. [78], In Pakistan and India female genital mutilation is practiced by Muslims of the Dawoodi Bohra and Sheedi communities, who believe that it leads to purity. Imams Abu Dawud, Hakim (rahimahumallah) and others have recorded the following narration: Ummu Atiyyah Al Ansariyyah (radiyallahu anha) reports that a woman would perform circumcision in Madinah. used to do circumcision in Madeenah, and the Prophet (peace and In fact, FGM has only adverse health effects and is almost always more extensive than male circumcision. know of any hadeeth in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah however, he had intercourse with his wife after he stoned the Jamra, A hadith on the topic of female circumcision has been attributed to the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him), according to which he said: "Circumcision is a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the authenticity of this hadith. Prevalence rates among various Muslim nations depend on the ethnicity and location. February 2017. to do another hajj and sacrifice an animal. Views : Circumcisions are usually carried out in a clinic or hospital. (Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Sunan, Kitab who remembers something and has an emission owes anything, and if a man swore~ Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. If the girl is hurt, it is prohibited. Create an account, If you do not have an account, you can click the button below to create one, Create new account "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", BBC News, 18 January 2010. According to some scholars this interpretation is incorrect, as the Islamic use of terminology is restricted to male circumcision. In Islam circumcision is also known as tahara, meaning purification. "Yes," she replied. Berkey, J. P. (1996). In some Islamic countries circumcision is performed after Muslim boys have recited the whole of the Qur'an from start to finish. This has been discussed in the were to kiss his wife and no emission were to occur from that, he would only before Islam, and the lady who performed these kinds of surgery was have himself circumcised, even if he was old. had a child, she did not ask, 'boy or girl?' Create complex phrase and word queries by using Boolean logic. That makes her face look brighter and is more pleasing to her husband. That is because the purpose of circumcising a man is to make him clean from the impurity that may collect beneath the foreskin. Dr Muhammad Sayyid Al-Tantawi (b. It was narrated that he was the first one who was circumcised, as mentioned above. (n.d.): 5455, Malik ibn Anas, Ketab al-mowatta, Volume I, pages 45-47, traditions 70-75. ed. [74], Shiite religious texts, such as the hadith transmitted by Al-Sadiq, indicate circumcision is only required for men. ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: What is meant by this Page 147. [1][16], Some adth reports mention circumcision in a list of practices known as fitra[1] (acts considered to be of a refined person). bazr) of the clitoris (Shaykh Nuh Keller: not the clitoris itself, as some mistakenly assert)." ibn al-Musayyab asking a group of people, "What do you think about gave him the name 'Abdullah. Ijtihad include fatwas (opinions of Muslim religious scholars), which are often widely distributed and describe behaviour that conforms to religious requirements. made supplication, so may Allah bless you for your supplication. [26], Within the Shte branch of Islam, most Shte denominations regard the practice as obligatory. "[28] Another narration from Jafar al-diq, the 6th Shte Imam, says: "Circumcise your sons when they are seven days old as it is cleaner (athar) and the flesh grows faster and because the earth hates the urine of the uncircumcised. Al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The well-known correct view is that everything covering the glans must be cut. He states that the Arabic for "the two circumcision organs" is a single word used to connote two forms of circumcision. as occuring when the circumcized parts cross or touch each other. him peace, and I fed them and they made supplication. [22] The WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA defined FGM in 1997 as "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons". peace, was circumcised when he was 120 years old. Shaykh Ibn Uthaymin (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The most correct view is that it is obligatory in the case of men and Sunnah in the case of women. Malik said, "What spoils a hajj or an umra and makes sacrificing an animal of it, but only a part. Ibrahim Lethome Asmani, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Religious views on female genital mutilation, Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research, "Abraham's Test: Islamic Male Circumcision as Anti/Ante-Covenantal Practice", Symposium Series (Society of Biblical Literature), "Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting", "Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision", "Is Circumcision obligatory after conversion? 1 "Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) (by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the bazr 'clitoris' [this is called khufaadh 'female circumcision'])." 'Umdat al-Salik e4.3, After him, circumcision continued among the messengers and their followers, even the Messiah. Get him out! While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Qursafa from the Banu Kinana who had been one of the Companions of the said, 'Do you have any dates with you?' He went on, 'I made a lot of supplication Circumcision is the Sunnah of Prophet Ibrahim and the prophets after him. her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: See Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah by al-Albani, no. Another sound (sahih) hadith, which is used to support female circumcision, concerns the fitrah of Islamic practice. Male and Female Circumcision: Medical, Legal and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice. [57], The various schools of Islamic jurisprudence have expressed differing views on FGM. Campaign against female genital mutilation in colonial Kenya, Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research, "Classification of female genital mutilation", Social Dynamics of Abandonment of Harmful Practices: A New Look at the Theory, "Care of women with female genital mutilation/cutting", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "In Mauritania, progress made in ending female genital mutilation/cutting", "Religious fatwa for banning all forms of FGM/C", "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", "Iraqi Kurdistan: FGM Fatwa Positive, but Not Definitive", "Editorial: The Jewish And Christian View On Female Genital Mutilation", Female genital mutilation survey in Somaliland, "Female Genital Cutting: The Beginning of the End", "Islam and Female Genital Cutting in Southeast Asia: The Weight of the Past", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", "Egypt mufti says female circumcision forbidden", "Secretary general of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation speaks in Jakarta at conference on the role of women in development", "Islamischer Zentralrat verteidigt die Beschneidung von Mdchen", "Mutilating bodies: the Muslim Brotherhood's gift to Egyptian women", "Islamic Ruling on Male and Female Circumcision", "Female Circumcision in Indonesia: To Islamize in Ceremony or Secrecy", "The Practice of Female Circumcision in Malaysia", "A Tiny Cut": Female Circumcision in South East Asia", "The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation", "Indonesian Ulema in favour of female circumcision: a 'human right'", "MUI pushes government to circumcise girls", "Has female genital mutilation been an old and common practice in history? ", "Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, "Circumcision - Does the Qur'an Approve it? In 2004, after CNN broadcast images of a girl in Cairo undergoing FGM, then Grand Mufti of Egypt Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi declared that hadiths on FGM were unreliable. [2][4][5][33] In many Muslim communities, khaf is a rite of passage and refers to the excision of female genital organs. Then Allah revealed to him saying, You rushed to do it before We told you what tool to use. He said, O Lord, I did not want to delay obeying Your command., Circumcision was one of the things with which Allah tested Ibrahim, His Close Friend. Some Muslims who practise circumcision see it as a way of being like him. [59] Egyptian scholars such as Mohammed Emara and Mohammad Salim Al-Awa argue that FGM is not an Islamic practice and is not endorsed by Islamic jurisprudence. (this is called HufaaD).". (A: Hanbalis hold that circumcision of women

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