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Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. REUTERS/Myo Kyaw Soe. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus [145] Dictatorships may hold semi-competitive elections to qualify for foreign aid, to demonstrate a dictator's control over the government, or to incentivize the party to expand its information-gathering capacity, particularly at the local level. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. But this is not the first time Myanmar is having the bitter taste of autocracy, in fact, their governance turned . Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. #SOSCuba. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. [87], The decolonisation of Africa prompted the creation of new governments, many of which became dictatorships in the 1960s and 1970s. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. President Obiang gained power in 1979 after ousting his uncle, Francisco Macas Nguema, and sentencing him to death by firing squad. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. [34] When a one-party dictatorship develops gradually through legal means, in can result in conflict between the party organization and the state apparatus and civil service, as the party rules in parallel and increasingly appoints its own members to positions of power. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. Dictators are more likely to implement long-term investments into the country's economy if they feel secure in their power. While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. He all but eradicated corruption. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. [132] Foreign intervention takes place when another country seeks to topple a regime by invading the country or supporting the opposition. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. The legislature must be popularly elected. The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. Dictatorships have arisen throughout history, usually in times of crisis. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. Explore a few of the famous ones. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. The head of state may be unelected and still be classified as a democracy. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. African Dictators Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. Sudan - 1989 to 2019 - Omar al-Bashir. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. China - Communist Regime 4. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. [according to whom? and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. Examples of Fascism. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. The territory of today's Algeria was the home of many prehistoric cultures, including Aterian and Capsian and the, Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Southern Africa. Equatorial Guinea. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. Here is a list of the ten worst dictators that Africans have ever seen in their history. 1. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations.

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