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According to the Transnistrian authorities, the name of the state is the "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic" (PMR) (Russian: , , Pridnestrvskaya Moldvskaya Respblika; Romanian: Republica Moldoveneasc Nistrean, RMN, Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet: , ; Ukrainian: , , Prydnistrvska Moldvska Respblika). The region can also be referred to in English as Trans-Dniester[30] or Transdniestria. ", This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:08. Then president Sergei Bagapsh was also . Bitcoin is the largest blockchain-based digital asset, with a market capitalization of $473.7 billion as of Feb. 19, 2023. Sinopec Group - $401 billion. The village of Roghi of Molovata Nou Commune is also controlled by the PMR (Moldova controls the other nine of the 10 villages of the six communes). Support us with a. The unfinished building was nearing completion in 2004 when Transnistria took control of it during that year's school crisis. The documents of the government of Moldova refer to the region as Stnga Nistrului (in full, Unitile Administrativ-Teritoriale din Stnga Nistrului) meaning "Left Bank of the Dniester" (in full, "Administrative-territorial unit(s) of the Left Bank of the Dniester"). ADVERTISEMENT [47] Transnistria's ethnic and linguistic composition differed significantly from most of the rest of Moldova. Moldovans were the largest ethnic group, representing an overall majority in the two districts in the central Transnistria (Dubsari District, 50.2%, and Grigoriopol District, 64.8%) a 47.8% relative majority in the northern Camenca District, and a 41.5% relative majority in the southern (Slobozia District). Over the years, Moldova has largely permitted Russian officers and soldiers to transit the airport on their way to Transnistria, though occasionally it blocked those that were not clearly identified as international peacekeepers or who failed to give sufficient advance notice. It is convertible at a freely floating exchange rate but only in Transnistria. A ceasefire agreement, signed on 21 July 1992, has held to the present day. See: "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki,". Under OSCE auspices, on 8 May 1997, Moldovan President Petru Lucinschi and Transnistrian president Igor Smirnov, signed the "Memorandum on the principles of normalization of the relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria", also known as the "Primakov Memorandum", sustaining the establishment of legal and state relations, although the memorandum's provisions were interpreted differently by the governments of Moldova and Transnistria. This enlarged Transnistria was home to nearly 200,000 Romanian-speaking residents. As per the 2017 census, the country had a population of about 3.4 million people including that of Transnistria. [76] During the 2006 presidential election, the registration of opposition candidate Andrey Safonov was delayed until a few days before the vote, so that he had little time to conduct an election campaign. ABCorp is a world leader in providing secure payment and retail cards, visa, vital record and transaction documents, systems and services to government and financial institutions, and is one of the largest producers of plastic transaction cards in the world. safe word ideas for shifting As part of the ceasefire agreement, a three-party (Russia, Moldova, Transnistria) Joint Control Commission supervises the security arrangements in the demilitarised zone, comprising 20 localities on both sides of the river. Most Bulgarians in Transnistria are Bessarabian Bulgarians, descendants of expatriates who settled in Bessarabia in the 18th19th century. However, no further withdrawal activities have taken place since March 2004 and a further 20,000 tons of ammunition, as well as some remaining military equipment, are still to be removed. As per last census, Russians were the second largest ethnic group, representing a 41.6% relative majority in the city of Tiraspol, a 24.1% minority in Slobozia, a 19.0% minority in Dubsari, a 17.2% minority in Rbnia, a 15.3% minority in Grigoriopol, and a 6.9% minority in Camenca. According to the overall estimates, the company employs over 1 million people and has more than $410 billion in assets at the given moment making it one of the biggest companies in the world. Transnistria, which is also known as the Prednestrovian Moldavian Republic, is under the leadership of President Vadim Krasnoselsky. According to the decree of its creation, most of the 14th Guards Army's military equipment was to be retained by Moldova. 19. "[144], Public education in the Romanian language (officially called Moldovan language in Transnistria) is done using the Soviet-originated Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet. The most influential Transnistrian company is Sheriff. On the west bank, in Bessarabia, the city of Bender (Tighina) and four communes (containing six villages) to its east, south-east, and south, on the opposite bank of the river Dniester from the city of Tiraspol (Proteagailovca, Gsca, Chicani, and Cremenciug) are controlled by the PMR. During 2002 and 2003 Russian military officials destroyed a further 51 armoured vehicles, all of which were types not limited by the CFE Treaty. Ethnic minorities felt threatened by the prospects of removing Russian as the official language, which served as the medium of interethnic communication, and by the possible future reunification of Moldova and Romania, as well as the ethnocentric rhetoric of the Popular Front. The OSCE mission spokesman Claus Neukirch spoke about this situation: "There is often talk about sale of armaments from Transnistria, but there is no convincing evidence. Moldova & The Dniestr Region: Contested Past, Frozen Present, Speculative Futures? The OSCE also observed and verified the withdrawal of 48 trains with military equipment and ammunition in 2003. Under the guise of protection of Russia's interests, the special unit's soldiers used to be transferred to areas of conflict - Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Crimea, Georgia. Aramco, which the Saudi government owns, is considered the world's second-largest company, with crude oil reserves of 270 billion barrels. In July 2005 the Transnistrian Supreme Council amended the election code to prohibit media controlled by the Transnistrian authorities from publishing results of polls and forecasts related to elections. Jun [130] The budget for 2008 is US$331million, with an estimated deficit of about US$80million. Transnistria-Ukraine relations is the bilateral relationship between the Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (commonly known as Transnistria) . [65] Transnistrians may have dual, triple or even quadruple citizenship of internationally recognised countries, including: There are unsettled border issues between Transnistria and Moldova. For more companies, head on over to 5 Biggest Private Jet Companies in the World. Bulgarians comprised 13,300 (2.8%), Gagauz 5,700 (1.2%) and Belarusians 2,800 (0.6%). Number of employees worldwide (in 1,000s) Volkswagen (Germany) 671.21. The state terrorists has left their bloody footprints in many places. About 14% of the population did not declare their nationality. murray park pool hours; oscillating universe theory strengths and weaknesses; avanti trainee train driver; wellstar health insurance; columbus county mugshots 2021 Primary. [146], The OSCE mission to Moldova has urged local authorities in the Transnistrian city of Rbnia to return a confiscated building to the Moldovan Latin script school in the city. Focus: Oil + Gas. [15], On 14 April 2022, one of Ukraine's deputy defence ministers, Hanna Maliar, stated that Russia was massing its troops along the borders with Transnistria but the Transnistrian authorities denied it. [127] However, several years later, it decided to head toward a market economy. Armenia News - NEWS.am. "The false information being disseminated is aimed at creating panic and confusion among the residents of both banks of the Dniester [river]," the Moldovan MOD had stated. According to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) the media climate in Transnistria is restrictive and the authorities continue a long-standing campaign to silence independent opposition voices and groups. At the census of 1989, the population was 679,000 (including all the localities in the security zone, even those under Moldovan control). The oldest alcohol producer KVINT, located in Tiraspol, produces and exports brandy, wines and vodka. Name Headquarters Assets Industry Net Income Nishat Group: Lahore: US$6 billion: Conglomerate: Fauji Foundation: . In 2007, foreign experts working on behalf of the United Nations said that the historically low levels of transparency and continued denial of full investigations to international monitors have reinforced negative perceptions of the Transnistrian government, although recent co-operation by Transnistrian authorities may have reflected a shift in the attitude of Transnistria. "Tiraspol not willing to register opposition representative in electoral race", "CANDIDATE TO OFFICE OF TRANSNISTRIAN VICE-PRESIDENT COMMENTS ON OPPOSITION'S CHANCES", "US Department of State, Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Moldova 2003", "The policy of linguistic cleansing in Transnistria", " ! Some notable and recent achievements of Novartis include the company being recognized as a Bronze COVID Champion in 2021 by the Learning Performance Institute. This led to the creation of various informal movements all over the country, and to a rise of nationalism within most Soviet republics. Most television and radio stations and print publication were controlled by Transnistrian authorities, which largely dictated their editorial policies and finance operations. Of these, 439,243 lived in Transnistria itself, and 116,104 lived in localities controlled by the PMR government, but formally belonging to other districts of Moldova: the city of Bender (Tighina), the communes of Proteagailovca, Gsca, Chicani, Cremenciug, and the village of Roghi of commune Molovata Nou. Over the course of two days, 67 July 1949, a plan named "Operation South" saw the deportation of over 11,342 families by order of the Moldavian Minister of State Security, Iosif Mordovets. [20] The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) included a paragraph about the removal of Russian troops from Moldova's territory and was introduced into the text of the OSCE Summit Declaration of Istanbul (1999) in which Russia had committed itself to pulling out its troops from Transnistria by the end of 2002. It ranks the most valuable public companies. Sheriff, the biggest Transnistrian company, is suspected of mass money laundering on behalf of the Transnistrian government, which makes most of its profits through arms manufacturing with its high-security plants. ! [24][25] The main ethnic groups are Russians, Moldovans/Romanians, and Ukrainians. According to the 2006 referendum, carried out by the PMR government, 97.2% of the population voted in favour of "independence from Moldova and free association with Russia". While the pandemic led to a decrease in collective revenue, it saw a record number of women running the Global 500 businesses. [104] The Moldovan authorities called these events a provocation aimed at destabilising the situation in the region. The company was established in 1994 by Jeff Bezos. State Statistics Service of Pridnestrovie, Subdivisions and localities of Transnistria (, , , , , Russian military presence in Transnistria, Transnistria adopted a white-blue-red tricolor flag in 2017, which is almost identical to the, The Supreme Soviet changed the official name of the republic from Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on 5 November 1991. Homosexuality was illegal, and gays and lesbians were subject to governmental and societal discrimination. The characteristics of the Transnistrian economic model", "Moldova. International air travellers rely on the airport in Chiinu, the Moldovan capital, or the airport in Odessa, in Ukraine. On 4 March, Transnistria responded by blocking the Moldovan and Ukrainian transport at the borders of Transnistria. This was announced by the so-called Ministry of Defense of the unrecognised republic. Following a large scale privatisation process in the late 1990s,[117] most of the companies in Transnistria are now privately owned. The company owns almost everything in the region: petrol stations, supermarkets, a television channel, construction company, etc. Although exercising no direct control over the territory of Transnistria, the Moldovan government passed the "Law on Basic Provisions of the Special Legal Status of Localities from the Left Bank of the Dniester" on 22 July 2005, which established part of Transnistria (territory of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic without Bender and without territories, which are under control of Moldova) as an autonomous territorial unit within the Republic of Moldova. [26] These four partially recognised or unrecognised states maintain friendly relations with each other and form the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations.[27][28][29]. Moldova and the Dniestr Region: Contest Past, Frozen Present, Speculative Futures? territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)", "Council of Europe Designates Transnistria 'Russian Occupied Territory', Constitution of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, Moldova, Transnistria and European Democracy Policies, European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM), "Background EU Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine", "Education and Information the golden passport for young Transnistrians", "Transnistria: Russia's satellite state an open wound in Eastern Europe", "Frozen Conflicts in the Black Sea-South Caucasus Region", "Head of Foreign Ministry of the Republic of South Ossetia congratulated Minister of Foreign Affairs of the PMR with Sixth Anniversary of Creation of Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations", "Moldova's Energy Strategy and the 'Frozen Conflict' of Transnistria", " : ", " 20 ", ": : , , ", " , , ", " , ", "Union of Moldavians in Transnistria: We have no grounds to distrust Smirnov", "Romania and The Nazi-Soviet war, 19411944", "Stalinist terror in Soviet Moldavia, by Igor Casu", The painful past retold Social memory in Azerbaijan and Gagauzia, , Moldova Matters: Why Progress is Still Possible on Ukraine's Southwestern Flank, Netherlands Institute of International Relations The OSCE Moldova and Russian diplomacy 2003, "Talk conditions of Transnistria on March 2011", "The futiliy of the negotiations on Transnistria", "Transnistria wants to merge with Russia", "Moldova's Trans-Dniester region pleads to join Russia", "Dniester public organizations ask Russia to consider possibility of Transnistria accession", Moldovan Mission seeks solution to Dorotcaia's bitter harvest, Locuitorii satului Vasilievca de pe malul stng al Nistrului triesc clipe de comar, "Transnistrian Militia Withdrew Its Posts from Vasilievca", "PMR Supreme Council (Parliament of Transnistria's official website)". [8], According to another source, the largest ethnic groups in 2015 were 161,300 Russians (34%), 156,600 Moldovans (33%), and 126,700 Ukrainians (26.7%). [120][121][122][bettersourceneeded] Some commentators, including Zbigniew Brzezinski, have even labelled it a mafia state. Four of these schools were forcibly closed by the authorities, who claimed this was due to the refusal of the schools to apply for official accreditation. [132] In March 2007 the debt to Gazprom for the acquisition of natural gas increased to US$1.3billion. Following the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the Russian 14th Army left 40,000 tons of weaponry and ammunition in Transnistria. BNS. [147], In November 2005 Ion Iovcev, the principal of a Romanian-language school in Transnistria and active advocate for human rights as well as a critic of the Transnistrian leadership, received threatening calls that he attributed to his criticism of the separatist regime. Elections take place within a multi-party system. The current President is Vadim Krasnoselsky. Largest Companies by Market Cap companies: 7,308 total market cap: $85.965 T Rank by Market Cap Earnings Revenue Employees P/E ratio Dividend % Market Cap gain More + This is the list of the world's biggest companies by market capitalization. For example, the percentage of Russians grew from 13.7% in 1926 to 25.5% in 1989 and further to 30.4% in 2004, while the Moldovan population decreased from 44.1% in 1926 to 39.9% in 1989 and 31.9% in 2004. Total profits of the company in 2019 (in millions of dollars): -8,813 [94][97], One point of access for Russian soldiers travelling to Transnistria remains Chiinu International Airport and the short overland journey from there to Tiraspol. In addition, another municipality, the City of Bender, situated on the western bank of the Dniester, in Bessarabia, and geographically outside Transnistria, is not part of the territorial unit of Transnistria as defined by the Moldovan central authorities, but it is controlled by the PMR authorities, which consider it part of PMR's administrative organisation: Each of the districts is further divided into cities and communes. [117] The CIS accounted for over 60% of the imports, while the share of the EU was about 23%. [101] In that prelude, similar unattributed clashes happened in Donbas in February 2022: Ukraine denied being involved in those incidents and called them a false flag operation as well. "Nationalism and identity in Transnistria. 12. The short form is Pridnestrovie (Russian: , pronounced[pr.dn.stro.vju]; Romanian: Nistrenia, Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet: ,[38] pronounced[nis.tre.ni.ja]; Ukrainian: ', Prydnistrovia, pronounced[pr.dni.str.j]), meaning "[land] by the Dniester". ; 2 Bendery - Inside the Moldovan territory with a beautiful fortress to its north. [123][124] These allegations are denied by the Transnistrian government, and sometimes downplayed by the officials of Russia and Ukraine.[125]. With 2021 coming to a close, it's time to highlight seven more major companies that rose to the occasion this year. In late October 2014 MTS-Ukraine, which held a 57% share of the Crimean market of mobile telecommunication services, has sold all . There are concerns that the remainder of these arms stockpiles could be used in a future. In April 1995, the Soviet 14th Guards Army became the Operational Group of Russian Forces, which by the 2010s had shrunk to two battalions and no more than 1,500 troops. Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company) went public barely two years back in 2019, and it is the world's second-largest company with a market cap of 2.206 Trillion dollars. Shortly afterwards, a military conflict between the two parties started in March 1992 and concluded with a ceasefire in July that year. However, the Moldovan/Ukrainian block remains in place and holds up progress in status settlement negotiations between the sides. [87] Cargoes of humanitarian aid were sent from Russia in response. [81][82], A list published by the European Union bans travel to the EU for some members of the Transnistrian leadership.[83]. The economy is based on a mix of heavy industry (steel production), electricity production, and manufacturing (textile production), which together account for about 80% of the total industrial output.[118]. The entire economy of Transniestria can more or less be reduced to five companies: a cement producer, a steel producer, Tirotex, Russian energy company Inter RAO UES, and Sheriff. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover 's connections and jobs at similar companies. The Ministry of Defense (MOD) of Moldova dismissed earlier the rumors about preparing a military operation in Transnistria. [106][107], In October 2015, Transnistrian authorities organised another separate census from the 2014 Moldovan census. The political regime has been described as one of "super-presidentialism". [citation needed]. Ukraine declared that it would import goods from Transnistria only with documents processed by Moldovan customs offices as part of the implementation of the joint customs protocol agreed between Ukraine and Moldova on 30 December 2005. Its annual turnover amounts to approximately $400 billion. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 400 pixels. No UN member state recognizes Transnistria, only three UN non-member states (South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh)). dashboard S&P 500 Index Dashboard Browse Countries, Sectors, Industries, Stock Indices & Top Companies Countries / Sectors-Industries Indices Country / Territory AND / OR [131], According to a 2007 interview with Yevgeny Shevchuk, the then-speaker of the Transnistrian Supreme Council, Transnistria is in a difficult economic situation. Transnistrian authorities declared that they are not involved in the manufacture or export of weapons. [96] On 21 May 2015, the Ukrainian parliament passed a law terminating five co-operation agreements with Russia. Volunteers, including Cossacks, came from Russia to help the separatist side. The Transnistrian block was lifted after two weeks. In 2001, in one region it was reported that Igor Smirnov collected 103.6% of the votes. After Moldova signed the Association Agreement with the EU in 2014, Transnistria being claimed as part of Moldova enjoyed the tariff-free exports to the EU. Chiinu, 2004, p. 600. Romania controlled the entire region between Dniester and Southern Bug rivers, including the city of Odessa as local capital. Only the partially recognised or unrecognised states of South Ossetia, Artsakh, and Abkhazia have recognised Transnistria as a sovereign entity after it declared independence from Moldova in 1990 with Tiraspol as its declared capital. largest company in transnistria. In early 1988, PFM demanded that the Soviet authorities declare Moldovan the only state language, return to the use of the Latin alphabet, and recognise the shared ethnic identity of Moldovans and Romanians. All UN member states consider Transnistria a legal part of the Republic of Moldova. The Russian government denied the claims. [114], Transnistria's government has supported the restoration and construction of new Orthodox churches.

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